The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22081

关键词：

TARIFFS;  POPULATION DENSITIES;  RISKS;  CAPITAL MARKETS;  FISH;  DURABLE GOODS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  MULTILATERAL TRADE;  CLOSED ECONOMIES;  WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION;  PRODUCTION;  MARKET DISTORTIONS;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  TRADE NEGOTIATIONS;  INCOME;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;  TRADE BARRIERS;  PRODUCERS;  PROPERTY RIGHTS;  GDP PER CAPITA;  TIMBER;  RESOURCE ALLOCATION;  LABOR FORCE;  EXPORTS;  POLITICAL ECONOMY;  REVENUES;  INCENTIVES;  DISTRIBUTION;  TRADE REFORMS;  MODELS;  EMPIRICAL STUDIES;  REAL INCOME;  INPUTS;  OWNERSHIP;  DECISIONS;  REAL WAGES;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  DEVELOPED COUNTRIES;  TRENDS;  EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  DEVELOPMENT;  MACROECONOMIC STABILITY;  COST EFFECTIVENESS;  EXPLOITATION;  DRYLANDS;  COSTS;  PER CAPITA INCOME;  OIL;  FOOD POLICY RESEARCH;  RENT;  PRODUCTIVITY;  ECONOMETRICS;  LABOR PRODUCTIVITY;  QUOTAS;  BARRIERS TO ENTRY;  DEBT;  MARKETS;  WTO;  INCOME LEVELS;  WELFARE GAINS;  TRADE POLICY;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  METALS;  SUBSIDIES;  TRADE POLICIES;  EFFICIENCY;  FISHING;  FOOD PRODUCTION;  TAXES;  ACCESS TO INFORMATION;  RESOURCES;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH;  CONSUMPTION;  TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE;  RURAL COMMUNITIES;  CAPITAL;  WAGES;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  INTERNATIONAL TRADE;  VALUES;  MARKET PRICES;  VALUE;  ECONOMIC VALUE;  COMPETITIVENESS;  CREDIT;  QUALITY STANDARDS;  PURCHASING POWER;  COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES;  DEMAND;  NATIONAL INCOME;  ECONOMIES OF SCOPE;  PRICE CHANGES;  INTERMEDIATE GOODS;  ENVIRONMENTS;  ECONOMY;  AGRICULTURE;  EXPENDITURES;  PROPERTY;  TARIFF BARRIERS;  ECONOMIC RENTS;  TAX RATES;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  ENVIRONMENT;  OLIGOPOLIES;  ECONOMICS;  TERMS OF TRADE;  TAX REVENUE;  CAPITAL GOODS;  BUSINESS CYCLES;  FISHERIES;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  TRADE;  ECONOMIC INTEGRATION;  GDP;  GOODS;  LAND;  THEORY;  ECONOMIES OF SCALE;  COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS;  GROWTH RATE;  INVESTMENT;  EXTREME POVERTY;  TRADE TAXES;  COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE;  FARMS;  SUPPLY;  AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES;  MARKET POWER;  REVENUE;  EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  LIVING CONDITIONS;  MACROECONOMIC POLICIES;  INTERMEDIATE INPUTS;  PROFITS;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  LABOR MARKETS;  OUTCOMES;  POSITIVE EFFECTS;  PRICES;  PRODUCTION COSTS;  BENEFITS;  ECONOMIES;  DEVELOPMENT POLICY;  INCOME GROUPS;  PUBLIC GOODS;  COMPETITION;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The expansion of international trade has been essential to development and poverty reduction. Todays economy is unquestionable global. Trade as a proportion of global GDP has approximately doubled since 1975. Markets for goods and services have become increasingly integrated through a fall in trade barriers, with technology helping drive trade costs lower. But trade is not an end in itself. People measure the value of trade by the extent to which it delivers better livelihoods, through higher incomes, greater choice, and a more sustainable future, among other benefits. For the extreme poor living on less than $1.25 a day, the central value of trade is its potential to help transform their lives and those of their families. In this way, there is no doubt that the integration of global markets through trade openness has made a critical contribution to poverty reduction. The number of people living in extreme poverty around the world has fallen by around one billion since 1990. Without the growing participation of developing countries in international trade, and sustained efforts to lower barriers to the integration of markets, it is hard to see how this reduction could have been achieved.