Belarus Regional Development Policy Notes : Spatial Dimension of Structural Change

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22490

关键词：

JOBS;  EMPLOYMENT;  EMPLOYMENT RATE;  UNEMPLOYMENT RATES;  EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  EMPLOYMENT OFFICES;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE;  WAGE COMPRESSION;  AGGLOMERATION EFFECT;  PRIVATE ENTERPRISES;  PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT;  EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES;  PRODUCERS;  PROPERTY RIGHTS;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  RESOURCE ALLOCATION;  LABOR FORCE;  PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT;  REVENUES;  JOB;  PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS;  INCENTIVES;  INCOME SUPPORT;  RETAIL TRADE;  REAL WAGES;  LABOR MARKET POLICIES;  TAX REDUCTION;  ACTIVE LABOR;  DRIVERS;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  SMALL BUSINESS;  EMPLOYMENT LEVEL;  LABOR MARKET;  CROWDING OUT;  OIL;  EMPLOYMENT LEVELS;  PERFORMANCE INDICATORS;  MARKET WAGES;  FIRM LEVEL;  POPULATION GROWTH;  WORKER;  ACTIVE LABOR MARKET;  LABOR PRODUCTIVITY;  OPTIONS;  ENTRY RATE;  UNEMPLOYED;  HOUSEHOLD INCOME;  FORESTRY;  COMPETITIVE MARKET;  ECONOMIC CHANGE;  LABOR;  POLICY DECISIONS;  TOTAL EMPLOYMENT;  HIGH WAGES;  JOB SEARCH;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  SUBSIDIES;  WAGE LEVELS;  TAXES;  ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY;  ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES;  RESOURCES;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  AVERAGE WAGES;  HUMAN CAPITAL;  RURAL COMMUNITIES;  HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES;  WORKERS;  YOUNG WORKERS;  WAGES;  CHEMICAL INDUSTRY;  LOCAL LABOR MARKETS;  VALUES;  REAL WAGE;  PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITY;  AVERAGE WAGE;  POLICY MAKERS;  CREDIT;  PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES;  STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES;  WAGE PREMIUM;  AGGREGATE DEMAND;  EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS;  LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS;  PRIVATE FIRMS;  PROPERTY;  FIRM PERFORMANCE;  TAX RATES;  EMPLOYMENT GROWTH;  JOB CREATION;  PRODUCTION FACILITIES;  PRIVATE SECTOR;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  ENVIRONMENT;  LABOR MOBILITY;  ECONOMIC SITUATION;  LABOR MARKET RIGIDITY;  STREAMS;  MANAGEMENT;  PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL;  SERVICE SECTORS;  JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  TRADE;  ECONOMIC INTEGRATION;  LAND;  ENTRY COSTS;  HUMAN RESOURCES;  ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES;  LABORERS;  PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES;  LOCAL EMPLOYERS;  MARKET POWER;  YOUNGER WORKERS;  EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS;  LABOR SUPPLY;  HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT;  OVEREMPLOYMENT;  ECONOMIC VULNERABILITIES;  PRIVATE COMPANIES;  PRODUCTIVITY GAINS;  SUPPLIERS;  PRICE CONTROLS;  PROFITS;  LABOR MARKETS;  SMALL BUSINESSES;  PRICES;  ABSENTEEISM;  PUBLIC GOODS;  EMPLOYEES;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

This report focuses on two competing forces: the Soviet industrial legacy andemerging economic activities, mostly in the form of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The large, often vertically integrated, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that are part of the Soviet legacy still have a considerable role in many industries and indeed dominate the economies of certain rayons and even oblasts. This report shows that because MSMEs generate new jobs and output without draining state resources, it is important to encourage their creation and open opportunities for existing companies to expand, particularly micro and small enterprises. This growth is geographically uneven, with a tendency of economic activities to gravitate to industrialized centers. The report revisits the policy debates on how to improve regional economies and their welfare.