Sri Lanka : Ending Poverty and Promoting Shared Prosperity

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23115

关键词：

TARIFFS;  SOCIAL COSTS;  CAPITAL MARKETS;  CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES;  ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY;  FISH;  UNEMPLOYMENT RATES;  DURABLE GOODS;  GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS;  ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION;  AIR QUALITY;  WASTE MANAGEMENT;  CARBON;  EXPECTATIONS;  PRODUCERS;  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  PROPERTY RIGHTS;  BALANCE OF PAYMENTS;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  TIMBER;  LABOR FORCE;  EMISSIONS;  POLITICAL ECONOMY;  REVENUES;  ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES;  INCENTIVES;  EQUILIBRIUM;  MODELS;  PRIVATE PROPERTY;  REAL WAGES;  AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT;  EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY;  EXPLOITATION;  ARABLE LAND;  LABOR COSTS;  CROWDING OUT;  OIL;  TRADEOFFS;  CROP MIX;  COMMERCIAL_BANKS;  NATURAL CAPITAL;  LABOR PRODUCTIVITY;  OPTIONS;  SPATIAL PATTERNS;  DEBT;  LAND DEGRADATION;  POLLUTION;  FORESTRY;  TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS;  ECONOMIC POLICIES;  DIVIDENDS;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  SUBSIDIES;  EFFICIENCY;  FISHING;  TAXES;  TAX REFORMS;  LAND USE;  EFFECTIVE USE;  RESOURCES;  NATURAL MONOPOLIES;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION;  EQUITY;  POTENTIAL INVESTORS;  PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH;  CONSUMPTION;  SOCIAL PARTICIPATION;  ECONOMIC IMPACT;  RURAL COMMUNITIES;  WAGES;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT;  POLICY MAKERS;  CREDIT;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  PURCHASING POWER;  DEFORESTATION;  DEMAND;  PATENTS;  SOLID WASTES;  SUSTAINABLE GROWTH;  AGGREGATE DEMAND;  MARGINAL COSTS;  PUBLIC EXPENDITURES;  ELECTRICITY GENERATION;  ALTERNATIVE TAX REFORMS;  ENVIRONMENTS;  EXPENDITURES;  PUBLIC GOVERNANCE;  PROPERTY;  TAX RATES;  OPPORTUNITY COSTS;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  ENVIRONMENT;  SOIL DEGRADATION;  STREAMS;  ECONOMICS;  TAX REVENUE;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  CAPITAL GOODS;  FISHERIES;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  TRADE;  LAND;  ECONOMIES OF SCALE;  TRANSFER PAYMENTS;  COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS;  INCENTIVE SYSTEMS;  DRINKING WATER;  TRADE TAXES;  CONSUMPTION PATTERNS;  COMMERCIAL BANKS;  COAL;  FARMS;  REVENUE;  PRIVATE CONSUMPTION;  COAL ENERGY;  HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  TAX REFORM;  INTERMEDIATE INPUTS;  PROFITS;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  COST SAVINGS;  LABOR MARKETS;  DEMOGRAPHICS;  PRICES;  CONSUMER PROTECTION;  PRODUCTION COSTS;  ECONOMIC CONDITIONS;  ECONOMIES;  PRODUCTION PROCESSES;  PUBLIC GOODS;  COMPETITION;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Between 2002 and 2012-13, most of the reduction in poverty was due to increased earnings, as opposed to higher employment or higher transfers. Although it is hard to be certain, increases in earnings are associated with: (i) a slow structural transformation away from agriculture and into industry and services that led to productivity increases; (ii) agglomeration around key urban areas that supported this structural transformation; (iii) domestic-driven growth, including public-sector investment that led to increases in labor demand, particularly in industry and services; and (iv) a commodity boom that led to higher labor earnings for agricultural workers in the context of lower agricultural employment. Sri Lanka's has had impressive development gains but there are strong indications that drivers of past progress are not sustainable. Solid economic growth, strong poverty reduction, overcoming internal conflict, effecting a remarkable democratic transition in recent months, and overall strong human development outcomes are a track record that would make any country proud. However, the country's inward looking growth model based on non-tradable sectors and domestic demand amplified by public investment cannot be expected to lead to sustained inclusive growth going forward. A systematic diagnostic points to fiscal, competitiveness, and inclusion challenges as well as cross-cutting governance and sustainability challenges as priority areas of focus for sustaining progress in ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity.