Transforming Vietnamese Agriculture : Gaining More for Less

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24375

关键词：

TARIFFS;  FISH;  ECONOMIC INCENTIVES;  CENTRAL PLANNING;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION;  AIR QUALITY;  WASTE MANAGEMENT;  ORGANIC WASTES;  CARBON;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS;  ECONOMIC WELFARE;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;  EXPECTATIONS;  PRODUCERS;  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  PROPERTY RIGHTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  TIMBER;  EMISSIONS;  EFFECTIVE STRATEGY;  REVENUES;  INCENTIVES;  MODELS;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT;  ECONOMIC ANALYSIS;  DEVELOPED COUNTRIES;  AUDITS;  WILLINGNESS TO PAY;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  PRESENT VALUE;  CLIMATIC CONDITIONS;  EXPLOITATION;  OIL PRICES;  ENVIRONMENTAL RISK;  LABOR COSTS;  OIL;  INPUT USE;  FOOD POLICY RESEARCH;  NATURAL CAPITAL;  POPULATION GROWTH;  FIXED COSTS;  OPTIONS;  LABOR PRODUCTIVITY;  FARMING COMMUNITIES;  QUOTAS;  LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS;  DEBT;  LAND DEGRADATION;  POLLUTION;  FORESTRY;  PRICE SUBSIDIES;  POLICY DECISIONS;  BARLEY;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  SUBSIDIES;  PRODUCTION OUTPUT;  EFFICIENCY;  FISHING;  FOOD PRODUCTION;  TAXES;  CANCER;  LAND USE;  TEMPERATURE CHANGE;  RESOURCES;  EQUITY;  PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH;  CONSUMPTION;  SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE;  RURAL COMMUNITIES;  WAGES;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY;  DIRECTIONAL FLOW;  ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT;  VALUES;  MARKET PRICES;  ECONOMIC VALUE;  PRICE DIFFERENCES;  CREDIT;  QUALITY STANDARDS;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  DEFORESTATION;  DEMAND;  SUSTAINABLE USE;  ENDANGERED SPECIES;  ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION;  PUBLIC EXPENDITURES;  ECONOMIES OF SCOPE;  EXPENDITURES;  PROPERTY;  LOGGING;  AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS;  CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM;  ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE;  OPPORTUNITY COSTS;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  ENVIRONMENT;  SOIL DEGRADATION;  ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS;  WEATHER PATTERNS;  STREAMS;  ECONOMICS;  TERMS OF TRADE;  EMPIRICAL RESEARCH;  FISHERIES;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  TRADE;  LAND;  LAND PRODUCTIVITY;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM;  ECONOMIES OF SCALE;  CONSUMPTION PATTERNS;  COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE;  COAL;  FARMS;  ECOLOGY;  WATER POLLUTION;  WAGE DIFFERENTIALS;  REVENUE;  POLLUTION CONTROL;  EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE;  SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH;  ECOSYSTEM HEALTH;  PASTURES;  AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY;  INTERMEDIATE INPUTS;  PROFITS;  PRODUCTION PATTERNS;  POLICY INSTRUMENTS;  ACID RAIN;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  PUBLIC GOOD;  WETLANDS;  PRICES;  DEMOGRAPHICS;  FISHERS;  CONSUMER PROTECTION;  PRODUCTION COSTS;  ECONOMIC CONDITIONS;  ECONOMIES;  PRODUCTION PROCESSES;  AGRICULTURAL USES;  PUBLIC GOODS;  COMPETITION;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2016

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Over the past quarter century, Vietnam's agricultural sector has made enormous progress. Vietnam's performance in terms of agricultural yields, output, and exports, however, has been more impressive than its gains in efficiency, farmer welfare, and product quality. Vietnamese agriculture now sits at a turning point. The agricultural sector now faces growing domestic competition - from cities, industry, and services - for labor, land, and water. Rising labor costs are beginning to inhibit the sector's ability to compete globally as a low cost producer of bulk undifferentiated commodities. Going forward, Vietnam's agricultural sector needs to generate more from less. That is, it must generate more economic value - and farmer and consumer welfare - using less natural and human capital and less harmful intermediate inputs. The strategic shift was highlighted in the government's agricultural restructuring plan (ARP), approved by the Prime Minister in June 2014. The ARP defines sector goals in terms of the triple bottom line of economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable development. It lays out expected changes in the roles and spending patterns of the government in the sector and discusses the need to work with other stakeholders, including in the private sector. It calls for an ambitious and ongoing process of learning and experimentation, and several potential directions are offered in this report.