The present inventions are directed to compositions and methods regarding the reprogramming of other cells (such as glial cells) into neurons without introducing exogenous genes to the samples. In particular, the present inventions are directed to transducible materials that are capable of transducing into the biological samples but are not genes or causing genetic modifications. The present inventions also are directed to methods of reprogramming the path of biological samples or treating diseases using the transducible compositions thereof.
