Disclosed is an abdominal cavity opening and closing device, which can open and close the abdominal cavity and observe the situation in the abdominal cavity. It comprises a first fixed ring (1), a second fixed ring (2) and a sealed type switch device. The first fixed ring (1) and the second fixed ring (2) are successively arranged from top to bottom, and a ring between the first fixed ring (1) and the second fixed ring (2) is provided with a first transparent membrane structure (8). An upper edge and a lower edge of the first transparent membrane structure (8) are respectively connected to the first fixed ring (1) and the second fixed ring (2) in a sealed manner. An opening of the first fixed ring (1) is covered with a second transparent membrane structure (9). The second transparent membrane structure (9) is connected to the first fixed ring (1) in a sealed manner. The second transparent membrane structure (9) provided with a first opening and the edge of the first opening connected to the sealed type switch device in a sealed manner. The advantages of the device are: 1. there is no need to repeatedly open and close the abdominal cavity by means of surgery, thus reducing the difficulty of the operation, reducing the pain of patients, and reducing the risk of infection 2. effective buffering of the pressure inside the abdominal cavity and 3. medical personnel can observe the situation in the abdominal cavity of patients though the transparent membrane.Linvention concerne un dispositif douverture et de fermeture de cavité abdominale, qui peut permettre douvrir et de fermer la cavité abdominale et dobserver la situation dans la cavité abdominale. Il comprend une première bague fixe (1), une seconde bague fixe (2) et un dispositif de commutation de type scellé. La première bague fixe (1) et la seconde bague fixe (2) sont disposées successivement de haut en bas, et une bague disposée entre la première bague fixe (1) et la seconde bague fixe (2) est pourvue dune première
