Methods of generating an innervated muscle structures are disclosed as well as bioengineered structures for tissue repair or regeneration. The methods can include the steps of obtaining populations of smooth muscle cells and neuronal progenitor cells and then seeding the cells together onto a matrix material, followed by culturing the seeded cells to form an innervated smooth muscle cell construct of directionally oriented smooth muscle cells. In one embodiment, the neuronal progenitor cells can be seeded first as neurospheres in a biocompatiable solution, e.g., a collagen/laminin solution, and allowed to gel. Next, a second suspension of smooth muscle cells can be deposited as separate layer. Multiple layer structures of alternating muscle or neuron composition can also be formed in this manner. Differentiation of the neuronal progenitor cells can be induced by exposure to a differentiation medium, such as Neurobasal A medium and/or exposure to a differentiating agent, such as B-27 supplement. The innervated muscle structures can be disposed around a tubular scaffold, e.g., a chitosan-containing tube and further cultured to form tubular, bioengineered structures and two or more innervated muscle structures can be joined together to form an elongate composite structure.La présente invention concerne des procédés permettant de créer des structures musculaires innervées ainsi que des structures issues du génie biologique pour la réparation ou la régénération de tissu. Les procédés peuvent comprendre les étapes consistant à obtenir des populations de cellules de muscle lisse et des cellules souches neurales puis à ensemencer les cellules ensemble sur une substance matricielle, puis à mettre en culture les cellules ensemencées pour former des constructions de cellules de muscle lisse innervé de cellules de muscle lisse à orientation directionnelle. Dans un mode de réalisation, les cellules souches neurales peuvent être ensemencées dabord comme neurosphères dans une solu
