Methods, compositions and systems are provided for mobilizing and recruiting progenitor, progenitor-like cells, and/or stem cells to a target site, such as an in vivo site in a patient in need of treatment. In embodiments, the methods include embedding cells in a matrix material having a three-dimensional structure capable of contacting the cells in a non-planar manner to alter the secretome of the cells and/or miRNA expression in a manner effective to recruit progenitor, progenitor-like, or stem cells.
