A medical image processing apparatus according to an embodiment includes a separating unit, a reconstructing unit, and an extracting unit. The separating unit separates projection data into pieces of line-integrated data each of which corresponds to a different one of basis materials set in advance. The reconstructing unit reconstructs pieces of basis material image data from the pieces of line-integrated data each of which corresponds to a different one of the basis materials, the pieces of basis material image data being configured so that each pixel value of each of pixels indicates an abundance ratio of corresponding each of the basis materials that is present at each of the pixel. The extracting unit extracts an artifact region, on a basis of attenuation coefficients of each of the pixels calculated from the pieces of basis material image data each of which corresponds to a different one of the basis materials.
