The present invention relates to a cosmetic treatment process for keratin materials, in which a cosmetic composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), or salts or solvates thereof, is applied to said keratin material :in which R1 to R4, which may be identical or different, denote:- a hydrogen atom,- a silicone radical L-(Si(T)2-O)n-Si(T)2-CmH2m+1, or- a radical -L-(O-(CH2)x)p-O-CH3at least one of the radicals R1, R2, R3 and/or R4 is other than hydrogen.It is in particular a hair treatment process, in particular for protecting and/or repairing the hair, in particular damaged hair.The invention also relates to the compounds of formula (I) and to the cosmetic compositions comprising same.