This invention concerns a cosmetic composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, an aqueous phase, spiculisporic acid and/or one of its salts, and at least one ester of fatty acid and optionally polyoxyalkylenated (poly)glycerol.This invention further concerns the non-therapeutic, cosmetic use of the cosmetic composition as a hygienic product, makeup, a cleaning product, and/or care product of the skin and/or hair.