A display grayscale curve correction system and method for a mammary gland molybdenum target image. The system comprises a key module, an ARM module, an upper computer, an FPGA module connected to both outputs of the ARM module and the upper computer, and a display panel connected to an output of the FPGA module, wherein the upper computer firstly captures a currently displayed mammary gland image, subsequently analyses an image feature, and then calculates an optimized grayscale correction curve； in addition, the ARM module writes the grayscale correction curve into the FPGA module by means of a serial communication protocol； and the FPGA module performs grayscale mapping on a pixel value of an input image twice, and performs enhanced display on the mammary gland molybdenum target image. In comparison with a common DICOM correction curve, by including a feature of a mammary gland molybdenum target x-ray image into the scope of consideration of optimization, a part where a focus possibly exists can be better highlighted, and the operation is simple and does not occupy resources of an upper computer, and smooth running is guaranteed.
