Disclosed is the use of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA / phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate / PMA) of Formula II, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, polymorph or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in a mammalian subject. Also disclosed is the use of TPA, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, polymorph or prodrug thereof and at least one secondary anti-retroviral or adjunctive therapeutic agent, in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in a mammalian subject. Further disclosed is the use of TPA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, polymorph or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for reducing or treating one or more symptoms of HIV infection or AIDS in a mammalian subject. Additionally, the use of TPA, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, polymorph or prodrug thereof and at least one secondary anti-retroviral or adjunctive therapeutic agent, in the manufacture of a medicament for reducing or treating one or more symptoms of HIV infection or AIDS in a mammalian subject is also disclosed. The use of TPA, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, polymorph or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for increasing an immune response in a mammalian subject with HIV infection is also further disclosed.
