Treatment of picornavirus infection by inhibiting miR-141 activity. Also disclosed herein are a method for identify miR-141 inhibitory compounds and a method for identifying a target viral infection to be treated by anti-miR-141 therapy.本發明係關於藉由抑制miR-141活性而治療小RNA病毒的感染。本發明亦揭示一種用於鑑定miR-141抑制性化合物的方法以及一種用於鑑定可由抗miR-141療法治療之目標病毒感染的方法。