The present invention relates to the use of an antisecretory factor (AF) protein, a homologue and/or a fragment thereof having antisecretory activity, and/or a pharmaceutically active salt thereof, for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a compartment syndrome associated with the presence of a benign and/or a malign tumour in a body. In one embodiment, said compartment syndrome is caused by a medical treatment of said tumour, such as treatment with X-ray, high energetic radiation, local cooling, local heating, light therapy and/or anti-tumour drugs.
