Disclosed are methods of diagnosis of a pathogen-associated disease. These methods comprise: providing a biological sample from a human subject； determining presence, absence and/or quantity of a bacterial pathogen, a viral pathogen, or a combination thereof, by a pathogen culture, a serum antibody detection test, a pathogen antigen detection test, a pathogen DNA and/or RNA detection test, or a combination thereof； determining in the sample, expression levels of at least one endogenous gene in which aberrant expression levels are associated with infection with a pathogen, by a microarray hybridization assay, RNA-seq assay, polymerase chain reaction assay, a LAMP assay, a ligase chain reaction assay, a Southern, Northern, or Western blot assay, an ELISA or a combination thereof. The subject can be diagnosed with the disease if the subject comprises the pathogen and an aberrant level of expression of an endogenous gene.
