The present invention relates to an advanced sewage treatment system having a high-speed evaporated and concentrated organic acid fermentation structure and an advanced sewage treatment method using the same, and more specifically, to an advanced sewage treatment system having a high-speed evaporated and concentrated organic acid fermentation structure and an advanced sewage treatment method using the same, which convert an organic material, included in sewage, food waste or livestock waste, into organic acid and supply the organic acid in an evaporated and concentrated manner, thereby improving treatment efficiency. Provided are the advanced sewage treatment system having a high-speed evaporated and concentrated organic acid fermentation structure, the advanced sewage treatment system comprising: a primary sedimentation basin (A12) into which sewage or waste water enters an anoxic tank (A141) which is connected to the primary sedimentation basin (A12) a secondary sedimentation basin (A15) which is connected to the anoxic tank (A141) a thickener (A151) which is connected to the secondary sedimentation basin (A15) an organic acid fermenter (A13) which ferments organic acid from at least part of an organic material entering the primary sedimentation basin (A12) and a concentration unit (A131) which concentrates and stores the organic acid in a gas state generated in the organic acid fermenter (A13) wherein gas not concentrated in the concentration process or heat is circulated to the organic acid fermenter (A13), and the organic acid concentrated in the organic acid concentration tank (A131) is introduced into the anoxic tank (A141).본 발명은 증발 및 응축 유기산 생성 구조의 고도 하수 처리 시스템 및 그에 의한 하수 처리 방법에 관한 것이고, 구체적으로 하수, 음식 폐기물 또는 축산 폐기물에 포함된 유기물을 유기산으로 전환하여 증발 및 응축 방식으로 공급되는 것에 의하여 처리 효율이 향상되도록 하는 증발 및 응축 유기산 생성 구조의 고도 하수 처리 시스템 및 그에 의한 하수 처리 방법에 관한 것이다. 증발 및 응축 유기산 생성 구조의 고도 하수 처리 시스템은 하수 또는 오폐수가 유입되는 1차 침전지(A12), 1차 침전지(A12)와 연결된 무산소조(A141), 무산소조(A141)와 연결된 2차 침전지(A15) 및 2차 침전지(A1
