The invention is used in neurosurgery and tissue engineering of organs to replace defects of nervous tissue of a mammal brain and spinal cord in reconstructive neurosurgical operations. The object of invention is to develop a tissue-replaceable artificial cell-biopolymer neuroendoprosthetic system (ACBP NEPS) for surgical plasty of defects of nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord that will stimulate regeneration and growth of damaged axons of neural cells, as well as to develop a production method of the ACBP NEPS and a method of reconstructive neurosurgical operation using the ACBP NEPS. The ACBP NEPS is an elastic cell-biopolymer biologically active mass produced from a heterogeneous collagen-containing matrix for implantation and a biocomposition of cell preparations of various types of autologous cells of a patient. The biocomposition comprises, in a NaCl solution, neural stem cells (NSC), neuroglial ensheathing cells (NGEC), endothelial cells with CD34+ marker (EC) and purified mononuclears (MN) in the following ratios (in parts according to numbers of the cells): 0.8 to 1.2 of NSC 1.6 to 2.4 of NGEC 4 to 6 of EC 4000 to 6000 of MN. The method of production of the ACBP NEPS comprises perfusion of the biocomposition of the cell preparations of various types of autologous cells of a patient into the heterogeneous collagen-containing matrix for implantation to obtain the elastic cell-biopolymer biologically active mass. The method of the reconstructive neurosurgical operation to replace the defects of a mammal brain and/or spinal cord and/or vegetative nervous system comprises implantation of the ACBP NEPS into the defect of neural tissue.
