The invention provides non-invasive assays to reliably identify women who have or are predisposed to developing preeclampsia (PE). The method comprises measuring a level of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in a test sample obtained of a subject； and identifying the subject as having preeclampsia or at an increased risk of developing preeclampsia when the level of ANXA2 in the test sample is decreased in relation to a control sample. Methods to treat subject identified as having PE or at an increased risk of developing preeclampsia are also provided.
