A human implantable tissue expander including a biocompatible implantablestructural skeleton element having a predetermined overall three-dimensionalshape and defining at least one wall portion having formed therein aperturesextending from an interior thereof to an exterior thereof and being operative,when implanted in human tissue, to permit fluid flow through the apertures andto generally maintain the predetermined three-dimensional shape generallyindependently of its orientation relative to gravitational acceleration.
