The present invention generally relates to formulations and methods for treating oral inflammation, oral injury and/or oral pain by applying hydrogel, viscous liquid, or other formulation to the oral cavity. Wet formulations comprise a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidones, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof, alginic acid and salts thereof, and carrageenans and salts thereof calcium salts or ions, phosphate salts or ions, and water as well as other optional components. Dry formulations such as powders are also contemplated.