The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. In particular, LFA-1 antagonists are described herein andthese antagonists are used in the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. Oneaspect of the invention provides for diagnosis of an LFA-1 mediated diseaseand administration of a LFA-1 antagonist, after the patien is diagnosed with aLFA-1 mediated disease. In some embodiments, the LFA-1 mediated diseasestreated are dry eye disorders. Also provided herein are methods foridentifying compounds which are LFA-1 antagonists.