A tracheal prosthesis in the form of a tube-shaped segment with its inner diameter equal to the diameter of the human trachea interior is characterised by that its walls contain rings (1) made from mercerised BioNanoCellulose obtained under the culture of Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacteria forming the prosthesis frame which is overgrown with native BioNanoCellulose membrane (2) obtained under the culture of Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacteria.The method of production of this tracheal prosthesis as defined above from BioNanoCellulose obtained under the production culture of stationary Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacteria lies in that at first - under this bacterial culture - a construct is made from native BioNanoCellulose in the shape of a cylinder in which a concentric, throughway hole having its diameter equal to the diameter of the human trachea interior is made and then is subjected to the process of mercerisation, and then, using the prosthesis frame made in this manner from mercerised BioNanoCellulose, having the characteristics of cartilage, rings are cut out which - connected or not, arranged one above the other, upon their sterilisation - are treated with the process of overgrowing with native BioNanoCellulose. Then these rings overgrown with native BioNanoCellulose are taken out of the bioreactor and the prosthesis made in this manner is treated with the process of purification.
