Some variations provide a process for producing cellulosic fructose from biomass, comprising: fractionating a biomass feedstock in the presence of an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water, to produce a liquor containing cellulose-rich solids, lignin, and dissolved hemicellulose removing the cellulose-rich solids from the liquor hydrolyzing the dissolved hemicellulose contained in the liquor, to produce a hydrolyzed liquor comprising hemicellulosic monomers hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to produce glucose, using cellulase enzymes or an acid or base hydrolysis catalyst enzymatically isomerizing the glucose to fructose, using glucose isomerase enzymes and recovering the fructose in purified form or in a fructose-glucose solution. The cellulosic fructose produced by the disclosed processes has many uses.
