A signal processing system comprises a derivation coefficient acquisition unit for acquiring derivation coefficients indicative of a correlation between a known spectral reflectance characteristic of a subject and an image signal that is calculated based on the known spectral reflectance characteristic of the subject as an identification target, a spectral sensitivity characteristic of a color imaging system used for image acquisition of a subject including the subject as the identification target, and a spectral luminance characteristic of illumination light used for image acquisition of a subject by the color imaging system, the known spectral reflectance characteristic including wavelengths of a visible range a correlation coefficient calculation unit for calculating a correlation coefficient between the known spectral reflectance characteristic of the subject as the identification target and the image signal based on the image signal and the derivation coefficients and an output signal calculation unit for calculating an output signal as an identification result of the subject as the identification target having the known spectral reflectance characteristic based on the correlation coefficient calculated by the correlation coefficient calculation unit.
