Aspects of the present application relate to pharmaceutical formulations comprising a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, together with a proton pump inhibitor drug, to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications associated with chronic therapy with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Aspects of the present application further relate to fixed dose combinations comprising aspirin, or a derivative thereof, and omeprazole or esomeprazole, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or hydrates thereof.
