The subject of the present invention is a dyeing composition for keratin fibers, comprising: a) one or more liquid fatty substances； b) one or more amphoteric surfactant (s) of the following formula (I): Ra'-C (O) -NH-CH 2 - (CH 2) nN (B) (B ') (I) in which: B represents the group -CH2-CH2-OX '； B 'represents the group - (CH2) ZY', with z = 1 or 2； X 'represents the group -CH2-C (O) OH, -CH2-C (O) OZ', -CH2-CH2-C (O) OH, -CH2-CH2-C (O) OZ ', or hydrogen atom； Y 'represents the group -C (O) OH, -C (O) OZ ", -CH2-CH (OH) -SO3H or the group -CH2-CH (OH) -SO3-Z"； Z 'and Z "represent, independently of each other, a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion derived from an organic amine； Ra 'represents a C10-C30 alkyl or alkenyl group of a Ra-C (O) OH acid, preferably present in coconut oil or in hydrolysed coconut linseed oil, an alkyl group, especially a C17 group； and its iso form, an unsaturated C17 group and n represents an integer ranging from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5. c) one or more oxyethylenated nonionic surfactant (s) comprising less of 10 EO motifs； d) one or more oxidation dye precursors and e) one or more chemical oxidizing agent (s). The present invention also relates to a method implementing this composition and a multi-compartment device, suitable for implementing said method. La présente invention a pour objet une composition de coloration des fibres kératiniques, comprenant : a) un ou plusieurs corps gras liquide(s)； b) un ou plusieurs tensioactif(s) amphotère(s) de formule (I) suivante : R -C(O)-NH-CH -(CH )n-N(B)(B') (I) dans laquelle : ? B représente le groupe -CH -CH -O-X' ； ? B' représente le groupe -(CH ) Y', avec z = 1 ou 2 ； ? X' représente le groupe -CH -C(O)OH, -CH -C(O)OZ', -CH -CH -C(O)OH, -CH -CH -C(O)OZ', ou un atome d'hydrogène ； ? Y' représente le groupe -C(O)OH, -C(O)OZ?, -CH -C
