An aqueous perfluoroelastomer dispersion and method for producing a perfluoroelastomer using a specific fluorosurfactant and capable of achieving a sufficient number of particles and a sufficient polymerization rate. The method includes providing an aqueous dispersion containing perfluoroelastomer particles by emulsion-polymerizing a perfluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a specific fluorosurfactant in an amount of 2 parts by mass or more for 100 parts by mass of the aqueous medium.