This invention defines gated silica nanoparticles into which chemical cargo materials or substances are embedded and of which surfaces are coated with biologically active gating molecules and apparatus employing such silica nanoparticles. The invention and the apparatus employing the invention have the potential to be used in diverse fields such as health, food and textiles. Furthermore, the applicability of the invention and the apparatus defined in this document is not limited to the above fields and can be extended to many other sectors.
