The present invention relates to recombinant viral vectors and methods of using the recombinant viral vectors to induce an immune response to yellow fever virus. The invention provides recombinant viral vectors based on the non-replicating modified vaccinia virus Ankara or based on a D4R-defective vaccinia virus. When administered according to methods of the invention, the recombinant viral vectors induce a broad immune response to yellow fever virus and demonstrate an excellent safety profile.
