Disclosed is a device for evaluating the imaging performance of an OCT apparatus, the device comprising a fixing frame (1), a resolution box (2), a guide rail assembly (3) and a bionic transparent colloid (4), wherein the fixing frame (1) comprises a first support member (11), a second support member (12) and a base (13)； the resolution box (2) comprises a fixed-side slide (21) and a moving-side slide (22)； the guide rail assembly (3) comprises a cross roller guide rail (31), a driving mechanism (32) and a control mechanism； and the bionic transparent colloid (4) is disposed in the resolution box (2). A method for using the device comprises: 1) fixing a probe catheter of an OCT apparatus needing to be examined in an OCT probe catheter fixing passage (111)； 2) taking a resolution box (2) containing a bionic transparent colloid (4) as a target object for detection, and obtaining a reconstructed image of an OCT； and 3) obtaining an axial resolution of the OCT apparatus by means of analysing a B-SCAN image, i.e. an X-Z plane scanning image. By using the cross roller guide rail (31), the device adjusts the relative distance between the moving-side slide (22) and the fixed-side slide (21), and control over the relative distance is more precise and stable.L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'évaluer les performances d'imagerie d'un appareil de tomographie par cohérence optique (TCO), le dispositif comprenant un cadre de fixation (1), une boîte de résolution (2), un ensemble rail de guidage (3) et un colloïde transparent bionique (4), le cadre de fixation (1) comprenant un premier élément de support (11), un second élément de support (12) et une base (13)； la boîte de résolution (2) comprenant une glissière côté fixe (21) et une glissière côté mobile (22)； l'ensemble rail de guidage (3) comprenant un rail de guidage à rouleaux croisés (31), un mécanisme d'entraînement (32) et un mécanisme de commande； et le colloïde transparent bionique (4) étant disposé dans le
