Composition comprising a synergistic combination of a nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonist or antagonist (I) and an anthranilamide derivative (II) is new. Composition comprising a synergistic combination of a nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonist or antagonist of formula (I) and an anthranilamide derivative of formula (II) is new. [Image] R : H or optionally substituted acyl, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl； A : H, acyl, alkyl or aryl or a bifunctional group bonded to Z； E : an electron-withdrawing group； X : CH or N, or C bonded to Z； Z : alkyl, OR, SR or N(R) 2, or a bifunctional group bonded to A or X； A 1>；, A 2>；O or S； X 1>；N or CR 1>； 0>；； R 1>；H or optionally substituted C1-C6-Alkyl, C2-C6-Alkenyl, C2-C6-Alkynyl or C3-C6-Cycloalkyl； R 2>；H, C1-C6-Alkyl, C2-C6-Alkenyl, C2-C6-Alkynyl, C3-C6-Cycloalkyl, C1C4-Alkoxy, C1-C4-Alkylamino, C2-C8-Dialkylamino, C3-C6-Cycloalkylamino, C2-C6 Alkoxycarbonyl or C1-C6-Alkylcarbonyl； R 3>；H, R 1>； 1>； or optionally substituted C1-C6-Alkyl, C2-C6-Alkenyl, C2-C6-Alkynyl, C3-C6-Cycloalkyl； R 2>；+R3 : a ring M； R 4>；H, C1-C6-Alkyl, C2-C6-Alkenyl, C2-C6-Alkynyl, C3-C6-Cycloalkyl, C1-C6 Haloalkyl, C2-C6-Haloalkenyl, C2-C6-Haloalkynyl, C3-C6-Halocycloalkyl, Halogen, Cyano, Nitro, Hydroxy, C1-C4-Alkoxy, C1-C4-Haloalkoxy, C1-C4-Alkylthio, C1-C4-Alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4-Alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4-Haloalkylthio, C1-C4-Haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C4-Haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C4-Alkylamino, C2-C8-Dialkylamino, C3-C6-Cycloalkylamino, C3-C6-Trialkylsilyl or optionally substituted Phenyl, Benzyl or Phenoxy； R 5>；, R 8>；H, Halogen or optionally substituted C1-C4-Alkyl, C1-C4-Haloalkyl, R 1>； 2>；, G, J, -OJ, -OG, -S(O) p-J, -S(O) p-G, -S(O)p-phenyl； G : a 5- or 6-membered non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring optionally containing 1 or 2 C(=O), SO or S(=O)Z ring members and optionally substituted； J : an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring； R 6>；-C(=E
