The present invention relates to the use of Parapoxviruses in combination with other agents for the treatment of viral diseases, and in particular HIV infections and AIDS. The invention also relates to methods for producing medicaments based on combinations of Parapoxviruses and other antiviral agents, and to such medicaments. In particular, the invention relates to the use of Parapoxviruses in combination with agents of the kind used for antiretroviral therapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).