Apparatus (11) for detecting, diagnosing and exercising an individual's functionalities, comprising: a plurality of emitters (15) emitting optical stimuli perceivable by an individual (13)； a control unit (19) adapted to control the activation of the emitters (15) and programmed for activating the emitters (15) according to at least one parameter (P) and in accordance with a predetermined sequence (Q)； a memory unit (21) in which predetermined sequences (Q) for the activation of the emitters (15) are stored, each sequence (Q) being identified by a univocal sequence reference and comprising the references of a group of emitters (15) belonging to the plurality of emitters and arranged along a path corresponding to the movement to be induced in the eyes of the individual (13)； a sensor (31) “Eyetracker” capable of generating an electrical signal indicative of eye movements for detecting eye movements of an individual (13)； a processing unit (25) operationally connected to the control unit (19) and programmed for processing the signal, for calculating the time (TC) elapsed between the activation of an emitter (15) and the moment at which the individual's eyes become fixed on said or another emitter (15) of the sequence, for comparing the time (TC) with a predetermined threshold (S1) and for selecting, according to the value resulting from the comparison, the value of the at least one parameter (P) and a predetermined sequence (Q) out of the stored sequences (Q) to be performed in a subsequent working cycle of the apparatus.
