Methods are provided for permitting manipulation of an achievable dose distribution estimate deliverable by a radiation delivery apparatus for proposed treatment of a subject. One such method comprises: determining a dose modification voxel for which it is desired to modify the dose value and a corresponding magnitude of desired dose modification； for each of a plurality of beams: (i) characterizing the beam as a two-dimensional array of beamlets, wherein each beamlet is associated with a corresponding intensity value and a ray line representing the projection of the beamlet into space； and (ii) identifying one or more dose-change beamlets which have associated ray lines that intersect the dose modification voxel； modifying the intensity values of at least one of the dose-change beamlets； and updating the achievable dose distribution estimate to account for the modified intensity values of the at least one of the dose-change beamlets.
