Provided are methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as benzimidazole carboxylic acid core structures having FormulaIa-1and their synthetic intermediates:wherein Z, X1, X2, X5, R2and R10are as defined herein. Compounds of FormulaIa-1and their synthetic intermediates can be used to prepare heterocyclic derivatives such as benzimidazole derivatives.所提供的是用於合成諸如具有下式Ia-1之苯并咪唑羧酸核心結構之雜環化合物及其合成中間物的方法:其中Z、X1、X2、X5、R2和R10係如本文中所定義者。式Ia-1化合物及其合成中間物可用來製備諸如苯并咪唑衍生物之類的雜環衍生物。