In one aspect, a system for creating a soil compaction map for a field may include a plurality of sensors, with each sensor being provided in operative association with one of the plurality of fluid-driven actuators. Each sensor may be configured to detect a force associated with its respective fluid-driven actuator as associated shanks engage the ground with movement of the tillage implement across the field. Furthermore, a controller of the system may be configured to identify one or more locations of a compaction layer within the field based on sensor data received from the plurality of sensors associated with the detected forces. Additionally, the controller may further be configured to create a soil compaction map for the field based on the identified one or more locations of the compaction layer.
