The hair cosmetic composition of the present invention, which is a one-agent type or a multi-agent type hair cosmetic composition, contains, the following components (A) to (D): (A): a compound selected from the group consisting of glyoxylic acid, a glyoxylic acid hydrate, a glyoxylate salt, and a glyoxylamide； (B): a phenolic compound having an electron-donating group on at least one m-position and having a hydrogen atom on at least one of the o-positions and the p-position, wherein the electron-donating group on the m-position may form, together with an adjacent carbon atom, a benzene ring optionally substituted with hydroxyl group(s)； (C): a thickening polymer, showing viscosity of 100 mPa⋅s or higher when measured as a 10 mass% aqueous solution, at 20°C, within at least a part of pH region of 4 or lower, and using a B-type viscometer； and (D): water.
