The present disclosure relates to a vertebral balloon dilation system, comprising a pushing tube (2) and a balloon (1) fixedly connected with the distal end of the pushing tube (2). The system can withstand the water pressure of no less than 10 atm. The pushing tube (2) is a rigid tube, and the lumen thereof is in communication with the interior of the balloon (1). The balloon (1) is made of membrane material, and the distal end thereof is fixedly connected with a sealing head (11), the distal end of the sealing head (11) is closed. The system further comprises a sleeve tube (3) and a liner core (4), wherein the liner core (4) is slidably inserted into the pushing tube (2), and the distal end part of the liner core (4) is a curved section (41). The balloon (1) wraps up the curved section (41) of the liner core (4). The distal end part of the sleeve tube (3) is a flexible section (31), which is rigid in the radial direction, and the proximal end part of the sleeve tube (3) is a rigid section (32). The sleeve tube (3) is sleeved on the pushing tube (2) and the balloon (1). When the vertebral balloon dilation system is operated, the sleeve tube (3) slides axially towards the proximal end of the pushing tube (2), and the balloon (1) is exposed. According to the present disclosure, the balloon (1) can be fed to the center or to the opposite side of the vertebral body simply by puncturing at only one side without drilling out a cavity with a bone drill before feeding the balloon, thus simplifying surgical procedures, shortening duration of surgery, reducing the incidence of complications, alleviating the pain of patients and reducing the economic burden of patients.
