The invention relates to Cathepsin-binding compounds bound to a nanodevice comprising a therapeutic and/or diagnostic moiety, for use in the diagnosis and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases, and/or for use in the diagnosis and/or treatment of neoplastic diseases, wherein the Cathepsin-binding compound binds to inflammatory cells of the tumour stroma. The invention also relates to Cathepsin B-targeting compounds and Cathepsin B-binding and liposome-binding compounds.