Disclosed herein, inter alia, are methods and uses for treating a cancer in a subject. In various embodiments, a method or use includes measuring expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2), or an NRF2 target gene, in a candidate subject having cancer, or a cancer sample from the candidate subject, and determining the amount of NRF2 in the sample or in the subject having cancer, then comparing the amount of NRF2 determined, or NRF2 target gene determined, to a baseline or reference amount of NRF2 or NRF2 target gene. If the amount of NRF2 or NRF2 target gene in the sample or in the subject having cancer is less than the baseline or reference amount of NRF2 or NRF2 target gene, the subject having the cancer may be or is treated with a peptide or peptidomimetic sequence set forth herein, such as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 (SEQ ID NO:1) or P6, P5, P4, P3, P2, P1 (SEQ ID NO:2), e.g., CBP501.本發明尤其揭示用於治療個體中之癌症之方法及用途。在多種不同實施例中，該方法或用途包括量測患有癌症之候選個體或來自該候選個體之癌症樣品中之核因子紅血球-2相關因子2(NRF2)或NRF2靶基因之表現，且測定該樣品中或該患有癌症之個體中之該NRF2之量，接著將該所測定之NRF2或所測定之NRF2靶基因之量與NRF2或NRF2靶基因之基線或參考量進行比較。若該樣品中或該患有癌症之個體中之該NRF2或NRF2靶基因之量低於該NRF2或NRF2靶基因之基線或參考量，則可用或用本文所闡述之肽或肽模擬物序列，諸如P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6(SEQ ID NO：1)或P6,P5,P4,P3,P2,P1(SEQ ID NO：2)，例如CBP501治療該患有癌症之個體。
