Described herein are methods for treating interstitial cystitis in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound which is a modified hyaluronan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein said hyaluronan or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester comprises at least one sulfate group and the primary C-6 hydroxyl proton of at least one N-acetyl-glucosamine residue is substituted with an unsubstituted alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group.L'invention concerne l'utilisation de hyaluronane partiellement ou entièrement sulfaté ou son sel ou ester pharmaceutiquement acceptable dans des applications thérapeutiques et cosmétiques, ainsi que dans le traitement d'un certain nombre de maladies inflammatoires systémiques, dermatologiques, parodontales, ophtalmiques, et urologiques.
