A computerized method for monitoring cardiac output of a subject by a processor executing the method, the method comprising the steps of:determining first values of cardiac output of the subject for a first period of time using respective different cardiac output measurement methods having respective first measurement errors andcombining the determined first values of cardiac output to determine a second value of cardiac output of the subject for the first period of time, such that the second value of cardiac output has a second measurement error that is less than any of the first measurement errors andat least one of storing, outputting, and displaying data representing the determined second value of cardiac output of the subject.
