The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a polyribonucleotide (RNA) with a sequence which encodes a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) for use in (i) treating or preventing a bone disease, bone disorder or bone injury and/or (ii) inducing or enhancing osteogenic differentiation, osteogenesis, ossification, bone regeneration and/or bone morphogenesis in a patient. The present invention also relates to the respective BMP encoding RNAs (BMP RNAs), in particular in its chemically modified form. The present invention also relates to complexes which comprise or are complexed with the BMP RNA, in particular to the respective transfection complexes like lipofection, magnetofection and magnetolipofection complexes. The present invention further relates to a carrier and carrier body to which the RNA or complex has been loaded and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said carrier or carrier body. The present invention further relates to a matrix or scaffold for sustained mRNA delivery and its application in bone regeneration in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro.
