The present invention relates to methods of modulating (for example inhibiting) activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and/or treating HDACs—associated diseases including, for example, cancers, inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. The invention also provides novel compounds and compositions thereof, methods of preparation of the same, as well as methods of use of the same for inhibition of HDACs and/or treatment of HDAC-associated diseases.