The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition that inhibits the proliferation of a cancer cell, comprising a first compound selected from indole-3-carbinol (I3C), 1-benzyl I3C, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, and a second compound that binds to and inhibits: i) an oncogenic RAF polypeptide at a site that is distinct from the site at which the first compound binds ii) a polypeptide of the RAF signaling pathway iii) a polypeptide of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway iv) or a polypeptide of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The present disclosure also provides a method of treating cancer in a subject.
