PURPOSE: An antibacterial composition containing chitosan is provided to ensure excellent antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, yeast and fungi. CONSTITUTION: An antibacterial composition contains chitosan as an active ingredient. The molecular of chitosan is 12,000-25,000 Da. The antibacterial composition has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans or Aspergillus niger. The deacetylation of chitosan is 80-90%. A composition for preventing or treating diseases by microbial infection contains the antibacterial composition.본 발명은 키토산을 유효성분으로 포함하는 항균 조성물에 관한 것으로, 특히 본 발명에 따른 키토산을 유효성분으로 포함하는 항균 조성물은 그람 양성균, 그람 음성균, 효모 및 곰팡이에 대한 매우 우수한 항균활성을 갖는 항균 조성물에 관한 것이다.