Compositions that include nanoscale structured materials or precursors thereof(e.g., self-assembling peptides) are described. The compositions can includeother substances (e.g., a vasoconstrictor). Also described are methods forusing the compositions to promote hemostasis, to protect the skin or woundsfrom contamination, to decontaiminate a site upon removal of previouslyapplied compositions that provided a protective coating, and to inhibit themovement of bodily substances other than blood. The compositions are alsouseful in isolating tissue, removing tissue, preserving tissue (for, e.g.,subsequent transplantation or reattachment), and as bulking, stabilizing orhydrating agents. Medical devices that include the compositions (e.g., a stentor catheter), bandages or other wound dressings, sutures, and kits thatinclude the compositions are also described.
