Disclosed are a combine harvester capable of adaptive adjustment, and an adaptive adjustment method. The combine harvester comprises a second threshing roller cap guiding strip angle adjusting device (1), a second threshing roller (2), a second threshing roller power consumption measuring device (3), a hydraulic motor (4), a bracket (5), a grain entrainment loss monitoring system (6), a grain screening loss monitoring system (7), a screening sieve (8), a rotation speed-adjustable screening fan (9), a first threshing roller (10), a grain conveying auger (11), a grain impurity rate and crushing rate monitoring device (12), and a measurement and control system (13). The measurement and control system can control the opening of fish-scale sieving plates (8-09), the rotation speed of the second threshing roller and a screening centrifugal fan, and the angle of the second threshing roller cap guiding strip in real time according to an established control model, such that the combine harvester can work under optimal operating conditions wherein the grain entrainment loss rate, grain screening loss rate, grain box grain impurity rate, and grain crushing rate are at a minimum. The present invention not only improves productivity, but also improves the fault-free working time and adaptability for a whole machine.Linvention concerne une moissonneuse-batteuse capable de réglage adaptatif, et un procédé de réglage adaptatif. La moissonneuse-batteuse comprend un dispositif de réglage dangle de bande de guidage de capuchon de second rouleau de battage (1), un second rouleau de battage (2), un dispositif de mesure de consommation électrique de second rouleau de battage (3), un moteur hydraulique (4), un support (5), un système de surveillance de perte dentraînement de grain (6), un système de surveillance de perte de criblage de grain (7), un tamis de criblage (8), un ventilateur de criblage à vitesse de rotation réglable (9), un premier rouleau de battage (10), une tarière de tran
