This position detection system is provided with an induction magnetic field generating device comprising a conductor that has: a detector equipped with a permanent magnet and a magnetic field generating unit that generates an alternating magnetic field; a plurality of detection coils; a magnetic field generating source that is disposed on the side of the detection target region of the detector opposite the detection coils, and generates a magnetic field for inducing the detector; and a driving mechanism that changes the position and/or orientation of the magnetic field generating source, wherein an interfering magnetic field is generated in at least a portion of the conductor. The position detection system is further provided with: a correction value calculation unit that, on the basis of the position and/or orientation of the conductor and the position and/or orientation of the detector calculated immediately beforehand, calculates a correction value for correcting a measured value of the intensity of the alternating magnetic field detected by the detection coils; a magnetic field correction unit that corrects the measured value using the correction value; and a position calculation unit that calculates the position and/or orientation of the detector on the basis of the measured value. The correction value calculation unit calculates the correction value using the most recent position and/or orientation of the detector.L'invention concerne un système de détection de position qui est pourvu d'un dispositif de génération de champ magnétique d'induction comprenant un conducteur qui comprend : un détecteur équipé d'un aimant permanent et d'une unité de génération de champ magnétique qui génère un champ magnétique alternatif ; une pluralité de bobines de détection ; une source générant un champ magnétique qui est placée du côté de la région cible de détection du détecteur à l'opposé des bobines de détection, et génère un champ magnétique pour induire le détecteur ; et u